FAQs

Enrolment Details

Enrolment details will be sent to your registered email address in mid February to all JAE and PFP students who receive an offer from Ngee Ann Polytechnic. EAE students would receive the enrolment details via email by end January. If you do not receive our email, please contact Enrolment Helpdesk at 6463 1233 for assistance.

Enrolment details are essential information you’ll need to kickstart the process of becoming officially registered as a student at Ngee Ann Polytechnic. This typically includes steps such as downloading the app, retrieving your login details and knowing the course registration period to accept your course offer and completing the course registration.

The authorized person should follow the instructions provided in the email, which you can forward to them. They can then complete your online enrolment on your behalf before the course registration deadline. In addition, the authorized person can make the necessary fee payment at selected OCBC branches, via AXS stations, or through e-payment in My Enrolment.

Please email us with valid reasons at enrol@np.edu.sg to request permission to enrol late.

Email to enrol@np.edu.sg with your Name, NRIC, contact number, and new email address. During your course registration, be sure to update your email address.

Getting Started in NP Go!

It’s super simple!

Start exploring NP Go! today!

The NP Go! App is your all-in-one companion for navigating life at Ngee Ann Polytechnic! Here's why it's a must-have:

  • Retrieve Your Login Details: Access your Acceptance of Offer Letter to get the credentials you need for course enrolment.
  • View Class and Exam Timetables to stay on top of your schedule.
  • Check Exam Results as soon as they’re released.
  • Mark Your Attendance effortlessly.

Tap on ‘Freshmen Enrolment’ in the app and follow the steps. Make sure you have a registered Singapore mobile number with us—you’ll get a One-Time Password (OTP) via SMS to complete the process.

Once done, you’ll have access to your login details to kickstart your enrolment journey!

No worries! Just email your Name, NRIC, and your local mobile number to enrol@np.edu.sg. We’ll verify your details and get your mobile number registered for you.

If you’ve updated your mobile number, just email your Name, NRIC, and your new mobile number to enrol@np.edu.sg. We’ll verify your details and update your record in no time! 

For retrieving your login details via the App, we only accept local mobile numbers.
You can use a paper and pen to take down your login details, as these will be needed for future logins.

Enrolment Process

If you receive our offer of admission and wish to accept the offer, download the NP Go! App from Apple App Store or Google Play Store. Once downloaded, follow the instructions in the App to retrieve your login details and complete your enrolment through My Enrolment. For more details, you can download a copy of the Enrolment Guide or visit our Enrolment Portal.

Your enrolment deadlines and course registration period are clearly outlined in your ‘Acceptance of Offer’ letter, which you can find in the NP Go! App, as well as in the Enrolment Guide.

Tips for Staying on Track:

  • Start Early: Allow yourself enough time to review the steps and seek advice or assistance if needed.
  • Meet the Deadline: Ensure that all online enrolment procedures are completed before the specified deadlines to avoid delays in starting your course.
  • Reach Out for Assistance: If you have questions or need support, contact us at enrol@np.edu.sg or call 6463 1233.
You can begin / resume your enrolment process from anywhere! Whether you’re at home, in a café, or on the go, all you need is a computer or mobile device with an Internet connection. It’s that easy!

Your User ID (i.e., NP Email Address) and Password can be found in your ‘Acceptance of offer’ letter. For easy access, it is recommended to download a copy of the letter from the NP Go! App.

If you encounter any password issues, contact the Enrolment Helpdesk at 6463 1233 for assistance.

To ensure a smooth and hassle-free enrolment at Ngee Ann Polytechnic, here’s what you need to prepare:

  1. Download the NP Go! App: This is your go-to app to access your login details and get started with your enrollment process. Click here for more details.

  2. Pay Your Course Fees: Make sure your fees are sorted! You can pay at selected OCBC branches, via PayNow, AXS, or e-payment. Click here for more details.

  3. Upload Photo: Upload a recent passport-sized photo of yourself through My Enrolment to be used for your student card and Diploma Student Concession Card (if you are applying for one). Ensure the photo meets the required guidelines.

  4. Submit Financial Forms: 

    • Application for GIRO Deduction: Submit the online form through My Enrolment to authorize fee deductions from the bank account.
    • Application for GIRO Direct Credit: Submit the online form through My Enrolment to receiving payments from Ngee Ann Polytechnic.
  5. Medical Check: If your course requires it, be sure to download the relevant form and undergo a medical examination or a color vision test. You can visit our recommended clinics or go to the clinic of your choice. Click here for more details.

    • Need a Colour Vision Test? You will be invited for a free test at our campus via SMS! No form is required.

     

  6. Gather Your Info for your course registration: Before you login to accept your course offer, have these handy:

    • Parents’ Details:
      • Name
      • NRIC/Passport No
      • Occupation
      • Email
      • Contact Numbers
    • Guardian/Next of Kin’s Details:
      • Name
      • NRIC/Passport No
      • Email
      • Contact Numbers
      • Singapore Address
    • Household Income: Know your total household monthly income (rounded to the nearest hundred).
    • Emergency Contact: Details of someone to contact for emergency.
    • Fees Contact Person: Details of someone to contact for fee-related matters.

Get all your preparations done, and you’ll be ready to smoothly complete your enrolment at NP!

Once the course registration period has started, here’s what you need to do next:

Step 1 – Login

  1. Access the NP Go! App: Open the app and tap 'Freshmen Enrolment'.  Go to Complete Your Enrolment and select 'My Enrolment' to sign in using your NP Email Address and Password, which can be found in your ‘Acceptance of offer’ letter.
    Alternatively, you can sign in via My Enrolment using your desktop / notebook to begin your enrolment.
  2. Proceed with Course Registration: In My Enrolment, go to 'Course Reg. & Fees Payment' and click on ‘Proceed with your Course Registration’ to start enrolling.

Step 2 – Complete All Items in the Course Registration Checklist

For first-time enrollees, the easiest way to ensure everything is done correctly is by using the online checklist. Depending on your course, there are at most 9 sections you’ll need to complete:

  • Work through each section by clicking on the links on the right side of the page. This will guide you to add or update information about yourself.

The Sections Include:

  1. Personal Particulars
  2. Contact and Mailing Information
  3. Other Information
  4. Family Particulars
  5. SEN and Health Declaration
  6. English Language Requirement (for selected courses only) 
  7. Healthcare Requirement (for Nursing course only)
  8. Tuition Grant Eligibility
  9. Confirmation of Course Registration

Step 3 – Log Out

Once you’ve completed all the sections:

  • Click ‘Sign Out’ and make sure to close your web browser at the end of your session.
  • You can always return later to finish any sections you might have missed using the online course registration checklist.

Once you’ve completed your course registration, here’s what you need to do next to ensure everything is in order to complete your enrolment:

Submit Enrolment Forms

  • Parent / Guardian Acknowledgement Form: Download, complete and upload the signed form via My Enrolment
  • NIEC Data Sharing Consent FormDownload, complete and upload the signed form via My Enrolment
  • Optional Forms: Check out the optional forms that may apply to you and follow the instructions to submit the application.

Other steps in the enrolment process you can complete include the following:

  1. Pay Your Course Fees: Make sure your fees are sorted! You can pay at selected OCBC branches, via PayNow, AXS, or e-payment. Click here for more details.

  2. Upload Photo: Upload a recent passport-sized photo of yourself through My Enrolment to be used for your student card and Diploma Student Concession Card (if you are applying for one). Ensure the photo meets the required guidelines.

  3. Submit Financial Forms: 

    • Application for GIRO Deduction: Submit the online form through My Enrolment to authorize fee deductions from the bank account.
    • Application for GIRO Direct Credit: Submit the online form through My Enrolment to receiving payments from Ngee Ann Polytechnic.
  4. Medical Check: If your course requires it, be sure to download the relevant form and undergo a medical examination or a color vision test. You can visit our recommended clinics or go to the clinic of your choice. Click here for more details.

    • Need a Colour Vision Test? You will be invited for a free test at our campus via SMS! No form is required.

Click here to find out what's next after completing your enrolment process.

 

Step 1: Log In to My Enrolment
Sign in to My Enrolment to check your enrolment status.

Step 2: Check Your Status
If your enrolment status shows Enrolled, congratulations! You’re officially enrolled in your course.

Step 3: Complete Remaining Steps
Remember to finish any additional steps, such as submitting required documents or forms, uploading photo etc, to ensure your enrolment process is fully completed.

 

 

If you’ve completed your course registration and/or made payment but still see “Pending” or "Registered" as your enrolment status, one of these scenarios might apply:


1. Course Registration Not Submitted

  • You may have saved your registration as a draft without submitting it.
  • Action: Verify that all sections in the checklist show the status “Completed”, and ensure you click Submit to finalize your registration.

2. Pending Payment Clearance

  • Your payment, such as ePayment, might still be processing.
  • Action: Allow 5 working days for your payment to clear, then check your enrolment status again.

3. Unsuccessful Payment

  • Payments can fail due to issues like a bounced cheque.
  • Action: Our Finance Office will contact you if this is the case.

4. Late Payment

  • If your payment was made after the deadline, it might be marked as late payment.
  • Action: Email enrol@np.edu.sg to appeal for late enrolment into the course.

Enrolment Guide

Download a detailed Enrolment Guide for step-by-step instructions on completing your enrolment.

eEnrol Portal

Visit our Enrolment Portal to access all necessary information and resources related to your enrolment process.

Both resources are designed to ensure a smooth and hassle-free experience.

For further assistance, contact the Enrolment Helpdesk at 6463 1233 or email enrol@np.edu.sg.

Late Enrolment

If you have missed the course registration deadline, follow these steps:

  1. Check Your Acceptance of Offer Letter: The course registration period is clearly stated in your ‘Acceptance of offer’ letter. Ensure you review this document to confirm the last possible date to register.

  2. Email for Late Enrolment:

    • If you have valid reasons for missing the deadline, email enrol@np.edu.sg with your details and justification for a late enrolment request.
    • Be sure to provide clear reasons and supporting documentation if necessary.
  3. Act Quickly:

    • Late enrolment may not be guaranteed, so it's important to act promptly.
    • Failure to complete your enrolment by the stipulated date may result in the lapse of your offer of admission.

If you are unable to complete your course registration during the course registration period, here’s what you can do:

  1. Authorize Someone to Enrol on Your Behalf:

    • You can authorize a family member, friend, or someone you trust to help you complete by the deadline. Ensure that they follow the instructions provided in your ‘Acceptance of offer’ letter and submit everything on your behalf.
  2. Email for Late Enrollment:

    • If there is no one available to enrol on your behalf, you must email enrol@np.edu.sg with valid reasons for your inability to enrol on time.
    • Be sure to provide a clear explanation and any supporting documents to justify your late request.
  3. Act Quickly:

    • Late enrolment requests will be considered, but it’s essential to act swiftly to avoid missing out on your offer of admission.

Ensure you take the necessary steps as soon as possible to secure your spot!

Course Registration

During your course registration, you’ll need to complete up to 9 sections.  For more details on the different sections, find out here.

When you receive your offer, it’s crucial to carefully review and confirm the course you wish to accept. Here’s what you need to do:

  1. Select and Confirm the Course:

    • Click ‘Accept’ to confirm your choice. Double-check that the course you are selecting matches your course offer.
  2. For NS-liable Persons:

    • If you are an NS-liable individual who is unable to commence poly studies immediately, you have the option to defer your course registration.
    • To do this, click on ‘Defer’ and ensure you download, complete, and upload the form through My Enrolment, or email it to admissions@np.edu.sg.
    • You must include documentary proof from MINDEF by the end of May to request a reservation for your place in the course.

 

Section 1 – Personal Particulars:

In this section, you’ll need to verify your personal information. If you notice any discrepancies, follow these steps:

  1. Click ‘Update Particulars’:

    • Access the option to review and make changes to your personal details.

  2. Print the Update of Personal Particulars Form:

    • Once you’ve clicked ‘Update Particulars’, you’ll need to print the form.

  3. Complete the Form:

    • Fill out the form accurately with the necessary corrections.

  4. Upload the Completed Form via My Enrolment:

    • Attach the form along with certified TRUE COPY of relevant documents (such as your NRIC or Passport) as proof of amendment.
    • Go to Form / Document Upload section in My Enrolment and upload both the completed form and supporting documents after completing your course registration.

 

You do not need to.

Section 2 - Contact & Mailing Information:

In this section, you’ll need to verify and update your addresses, contact details, and other related information. Here’s what you need to do:

Address Details

  1. Home Address:

    • Ensure your home address is correct.
    • If you are a temporary resident in Singapore, your home address must be an overseas address.
  2. Mailing Address:

    • If you are a Singapore Citizen or Permanent Resident, you only need to provide a mailing address if it is different from your home address.
    • If you provide a mailing address, ensure that it remains current and accurate.
    • If you are a temporary resident in Singapore, you must provide a mailing address, and it must be a Singapore or Malaysia address.

Contact Details

  • Update your telephone contact numbers, including both local and international numbers (if applicable). Ensure these are always accurate and current for important communications.

Keep these details updated throughout your course of study, as they are essential for receiving correspondence and maintaining communication.

As an international student without a local mailing address in Singapore, here’s what you can do:

  1. Temporary Solution:

    • If you have a friend’s or relative’s mailing address in Singapore, you may enter that as a temporary mailing address.
  2. Leave It Blank Temporarily:

    • If you do not have a local address at the moment, you can leave the mailing address section blank for now.
  3. Update Later:

Providing a valid mailing address is crucial to ensure you receive all important correspondence from NP. Please update it as soon as possible!

In this section, you will need to provide the following details:

  1. National Service Status

    • Indicate your current NS status (e.g., completed, exempted, or not applicable).
  2. Religion

    • Select your religion from the options provided.
  3. Nationality

    • Verify or update your nationality.
  4. Household Details

    • Provide information about your household, including the total household income.
  5. Secondary/Pre-University Education Details

    • Enter details of your most recent school, including the name and year of graduation.
  6. Details of Criminal Offences

    • Declare any criminal offences, if applicable.
You may indicate "Yet to Serve".
Please specify the housing type for the residence in your home country (eg. China).
No. Please convert the income amount to the nearest Singapore dollar.

In this section, you will need to provide the following information:

1. Parents’ and Guardian’s Particulars

  • Enter the full names, NRIC/Passport numbers, occupations, email addresses, and contact numbers of your parents or guardians.

2. Emergency Contact

  • Provide details of an emergency contact person. This can be a parent, guardian, relative, or a close friend.
  • Include their full name, relationship to you, and contact number.

3. Guardian’s Particulars

  • For Singapore Citizens (SC) and Permanent Residents (PRs):

    • Your guardian must be one of your parents.
    • If it is not possible to appoint a parent, proceed as requested and email enrol@np.edu.sg for further advice.

  • For Non-Singaporeans:

    • Your guardian must be at least 21 years old and residing in Singapore.
    • If you do not have a guardian yet, enter “-” in the Name field. Submit Change of Personal Particulars to update your guardian information before the start of the term.

  • Upload a copy of your guardian’s IC/Passport in Form / Document Upload section of My Enrolment if you are appointing a friend, relative, or other individual as your guardian.

Yes, you may just include the parent who has custody of you and select 'Single Parent/Divorced/Separated/Widowed'.
There is no need to indicate the particulars of a deceased parent but you need to select ‘Deceased’.
Please specify as “Others”
Yes, as long as he/she is staying in Singapore and is at least 21 years old. You must also upload a copy of his/her NRIC or passport in the Form / Document Upload section of My Enrolment.

If you have not yet found a guardian residing in Singapore, follow these steps:

  1. Temporary Response for Course Registration:

    • Select ‘No’ for the question, ‘Have you appointed a Guardian?’
    • Leave the remaining fields in this section blank.
  2. Action to Take Post-Registration:

    • It is essential to find a guardian as soon as possible.
    • Once you have identified a guardian, complete the Change of Personal Particulars form to update your guardian’s information.
  3. Deadline for Updating Information:

    • Ensure the guardian’s information is updated in the system by term commencement at the latest.

This ensures that the Polytechnic can maintain necessary correspondence with your appointed guardian in Singapore.

This is the person whom we can contact at short notice on any matters pertaining to yourself and your studies in the Polytechnic. For instance, if there is any emergency, we would need to contact your “Emergency Contact Person” to render you assistance. This person can be your parent / guardian too.
Declare if you have special educational needs (SEN) and mental health and request for access arrangements, if necessary. No medical examination at the clinic is required.

The Pre-Admission Medical Examination is a medical check-up that students enrolling in Early Childhood Development & EducationNursing, and Tamil Studies with Early Education courses are required to undergo. This medical examination ensures that students meet the health requirements for admission to these specific courses.


Read more information on medical requirements. 

  • For Early Childhood Development & Education, Nursing, and Tamil Studies with Early Education:
    You are required to undergo a medical examination. You can visit a private clinic or your family doctor and follow the instructions in the form to submit.

  • For Other Courses:
    A medical examination is not required.

Yes, all foreign students (except Dependent Pass holders) are required by the Immigration & Checkpoints Authority (ICA) to undergo a medical check-up for the purpose of applying for a Student's Pass.

Steps to Follow:

  1. Download the Medical Form

  2. Undergo the Medical Examination

    • Complete the medical examination at a clinic of your choice.
  3. Submit the Form to ICA

    • After the medical check-up, submit the completed medical form along with other required documents to ICA for your Student's Pass application.

Note: Do not submit the medical form to the Polytechnic. It is meant only for ICA.

If your health record reveals a present or past medical condition, you must:

  1. Highlight Your Condition
    Email the details of your condition to enrol@np.edu.sg for assessment.

  2. Case Assessment
    Your case will be carefully reviewed to determine if you are suitable for the course.

  3. Alternative Arrangements
    If it is determined that you are not suitable for the course, the Polytechnic will assist you in transferring to another course at its discretion.

No, you do not need to undergo the medical examination twice.

What to Do:

  1. Download ICA's Medical Form

    • After downloading the ICA's medical form, visit a doctor for the medical check-up.
  2. Complete Both Forms at Once

    • Bring both the Polytechnic's Pre-Admission Medical Examination Form  and the ICA's Medical Report to the doctor.
    • The doctor will complete both forms during the same medical examination.
  3. Submission Instructions

    • Submit the Pre-Admission Medical Examination Form to the Polytechnic by the stipulated deadline.
    • Submit the ICA Medical Report to ICA along with the other required documents for your Student's Pass application.

Note: Ensure that you follow all instructions on the forms to avoid delays.

The Pre-Admission Colour Vision Test is a mandatory assessment that students enrolling in certain courses at Ngee Ann Polytechnic may need to undergo. This test determines whether you have normal colour vision, which is crucial for performing certain tasks in these fields.

Read more information on colour vision requirements.

If you are posted to a course requiring a colour vision test and are diagnosed with colour blindness:

  1. Proceed with Enrolment
    Go ahead and enrol in the course you were posted to.

  2. Inform the Academic Affairs & Planning Office
    Email enrol@np.edu.sg to inform them of your colour vision deficiency condition.

This allows the Polytechnic to assess and provide further advice if needed.

For students enrolling in Early Childhood Development & Education and Tamil Studies with Early Education courses:

  • You are required to acknowledge the English Language Requirement to ensure you meet the necessary language proficiency standards.
  • This is essential for being granted teacher certification status by the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) or Ministry of Education (MOE) upon successful course completion.

For students enrolling in the Nursing course:

  • You must acknowledge the Healthcare Requirement stipulated by the Ministry of Health (MOH).
  • This requirement ensures you meet the necessary healthcare and medical standards needed to practice in clinical settings during your training and upon successful course completion.

In this section, you are required to:

  • Declare your previous pre-university details, if applicable.
  • For Permanent Residents (PRs) and International Students, you must indicate your intention to either opt for or opt out of the Tuition Grant provided by the Singapore Government.
  • The Tuition Grant serves as a subsidy that helps reduce tuition fees for your studies at Ngee Ann Polytechnic, and the decision you make will affect your fee structure moving forward from the year of your admission at NP.

Make sure to read through the policies carefully and select the option that applies to your situation.

The Tuition Grant scheme was introduced by the Singapore Government to subsidise the cost of tertiary education in Singapore.

This section is required to determine your eligibility for Tuition Grant and the number of semesters you are eligible for tuition grant subsidy.

For Permanent Residents and foreigners, this is also to ascertain your intention to opt for / opt out of the Tuition Grant as subsidy of tuition fees for your studies.
The Student & Alumni Services (SAS) Office will contact you to attend a compulsory session to be briefed on the implications of opting out of Tuition Grant.

f you wish to make any changes to the Tuition Grant Eligibility section, you should contact the Enrolment Helpdesk:

Amendments to Enrolment

If you wish to make any changes to any sections of the course registration after submission, you should contact the Enrolment Helpdesk:

National Service

Since you are serving National Service and will not ORD until next year, here’s what you need to do:

  • Login to My Enrolment.
  • Indicate your intention to defer your course registration by clicking ‘Defer’.
  • Download and complete the Request Form for Deferment of Commencement of Studies.
  • Upload the completed form along with documentary proof from MINDEF via My Enrolment by end May.
  • A place will be reserved for you if this is your first time enrolling into a polytechnic. If your request is approved, you will receive a confirmation letter from Ngee Ann Polytechnic by August.
  • If you are an ex-poly student, no reservation will be granted. You’ll need to reapply after your ORD.

Make sure all steps are completed promptly to ensure your place is reserved!

 

Appeals

If you are awaiting your appeal results, here’s what you should do:

  • Proceed to accept the offer and enrol online first.
  • If your appeal is successful and you are transferred to another course at Ngee Ann Polytechnic, the necessary arrangements will be made.
  • If your appeal is for a course at another institution, you can request a refund from Ngee Ann Polytechnic once your appeal is successful. A full refund (less $50 administration charge) will be granted if you notify the Polytechnic before the start of term.

Make sure to keep track of your appeal status and communicate accordingly!

Student Card & Concession Card

To get your Student Card:

  1. Upload your photo in My Enrolment before the term starts.
  2. The Student Card will be mailed to your address before the start of the semester once your photo is successfully uploaded.

Make sure to check that your photo meets the requirements specified!

To apply for a Diploma Student Concession Card:

Prerequisites:

  1. Login to My Enrolment: Ensure you have successfully completed the enrolment process and check your status in My Enrolment.
  2. Recent Passport-Standard Photo: Ensure you have uploaded your recent passport-sized photo through My Enrolment.

Application Process:

  1. Email Notification: You will receive an email via your NP Connect mail with the application steps.
    • Important: All communications regarding the concession card application will be sent to your NP Connect mail only. Do not use your personal email address.
  2. Follow the Application Steps: Carefully follow the instructions provided in the email.
  3. Error Message: If you encounter any issues during the application, take a screenshot of the error message and email it to askSAS@np.edu.sg using your NP Connect mail.

Collection of Diploma Student Concession Card:

  1. Processing Time: It takes about 14 working days after you’ve made the payment for your card to be processed.
  2. Email Notification: You will be notified via NP Connect mail once your card is ready for collection.
  3. Card Collection: Visit the designated collection point once you receive the email to pick up your card.

Make sure to monitor your NP Connect mail regularly for any updates regarding your concession card application.

Finance Matters

Here’s a breakdown to clarify which amount you should pay on the Fee Voucher:

  • Larger Amount: This includes both tuition fees and miscellaneous fees combined.

    • If you are NOT using any financial assistance (MENDAKI, PSEA, CPF or MOE Tuition Fee Loan) to pay your tuition fee, you should pay the larger amount mentioned in the Fee Voucher.

  • Smaller Amount: This refers specifically to miscellaneous fees.

    • If you are using CPF, MENDAKI, or Tuition Fee Loan to pay your tuition fee, you should only pay the smaller amount which covers miscellaneous fees.

Make sure to check your Fee Voucher carefully to determine the correct amount to pay!

Here are the methods you can use to pay your fees:

a) PayNow via UEN: Use PayNow with the Unique Entity Number (UEN).

b) Cash or Cheque: Pay at OCBC bank branches.

c) e-payment: Pay using eNETS Credit or eNETS Debit.


For more details, read here.

Yes, you may apply for more than one scheme. However, PFP students can only apply for PSEA as their financial scheme.
  • Application for InterBank GIRO Form: You can use your parent's bank account, as long as they agree to the deductions for your semester fees.

  • GIRO Direct Credit Application: It must be either your own bank account or a joint account that includes your name.

Make sure to keep the bank accounts open throughout your study at the Polytechnic.

Yes, you still need to submit the Application for Interbank GIRO form.  If your application for financial scheme is unsuccessful or unable to cover your fees in full, the remaining balance of the tuition fees will be deducted from your bank account via GIRO.  NP will notify you of the fees payable.
Yes, you should pay the fees for the first semester and claim reimbursement from your employer, unless you are notified otherwise by the Polytechnic. Your employer needs to inform the Polytechnic regarding the sponsorship, and the Polytechnic will bill your employer for the subsequent semesters' fees.